THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INTERESTING EXPERIMENT OF ROLLING BALL

本文定量分析了"瑞利球"实验的动力学过程。"瑞利球"实验中构建了一个"怪坡",通过对两导轨的控制,使均质圆球看起来像在"爬坡"。文中据刚体运动原理构建了物理模型,并分析系统的受力情况和运动过程,导出了均质圆球"爬坡"的最大高度的公式。在忽略空气阻力与摩擦力情况下,当两导轨杆初始距离远小于圆球半径、小球刚好不能掉落时突然合拢两导轨使其平行、两导轨初始夹角等于两倍导轨倾斜角时,均质圆球可以达到最大高度和最远距离。     

Large-Scale Streamwise Vortices in the Supersonic Part of a Permeable Nozzle

Large-scale streamwise vortices in the vicinity of a perforated wall in the supersonic part of the nozzle are studied. The governing effect of gas inflow through a perforated wall on origination and parameters of streamwise vortices is experimentally established.__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 68–75, September–October, 2005.     

刃型位错和圆弧形刚性线夹杂的干涉效应

位错和夹杂的干涉效应对于理解材料的强化和韧化机理具有十分重要的意义。文中研究了晶体材料中刃型位错和多条共圆弧刚性线夹杂的干涉作用。利用Riemann—Schwarz反照原理和复势函数的奇性主部分析技术，得到了问题的一般解答；对于只含一条刚性线夹杂的情况，给出了复势函数的封闭形式解。由Peach-Koehler公式求出了作用在刃型位错上的位错力，并讨论了圆弧形刚性线夹杂对位错力的影响规律，发现弧形刚性线对刃型位错有很强的排斥作用。本文解答不但可作为格林函数获得任意分布位错的相应解答，而且可以用于研究刚性线夹杂和任意形状裂纹的干涉效应问题。     

动脉瘤内流场以及瘤体尺寸的影响的数值研究

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟的方法,在周期性脉动速度入流条件下,建立刚性动脉瘤模型并研究了动脉瘤模型中流场的特征(速度、压力、壁面剪切应力)。得到了脉动入流一个周期内流场特征的变化规律,发现动脉瘤的后端有相当高的压力和壁面剪切应力,而且高压力和壁面剪切应力分布的位置几乎是固定的。探讨了不同动脉瘤尺寸对内部流场的影响,动脉瘤的直径与瘤体长度之比越大,瘤壁承受的剪切应力就越大,动脉瘤破裂的危险性就越高。     

Pulsatile flows in a lateral aneurysm anchored on a stented and curved parent vessel

We present particle tracking velocimetry measurements and flow visualization of pulsatile flow fields in a stented cerebrovascular lateral aneurysm model with a wide ostium anchored on a curved parent vessel. Among the stent parameters, the blocking ratioC _α ranging from 0% to 75% was selected to study its effect on the changes of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics for the reference of minimally invasive endovascular aneurysm treatment. The Womersley number was 3.9 and the mean, peak, and minimal Reynolds numbers based on the bulk average velocity and diameter of the parent vessel were 600, 850, and 300, respectively. The results are characterized in terms of velocity vector field, coded streak images, region averaged velocity, vorticity, and wall shear stress. A critical range ofC _α related to the inflow location as well as the shape and number of intra-aneurysmal vortices is identified. The intra-aneurysmal flow activity, vortex strength, and wall shear stress are found to decrease with increasingC _α. Among theC _α examined,C _α=75% is the most favorable in attenuating the risk of aneurysmal rupture and promoting intra-aneurysmal thrombus.     

颗粒增强复合材料的椭圆形刚性夹杂呈双周期分布模型的反平面问题研究

在遵循复合材料中各夹杂相互影响的重要条件下，构造呈双周期分布且相互影响的椭圆形刚性夹杂模型的复应力函数，采用坐标变换和复变函数的依次保角映射方法，达到满足各个夹杂的边界条件，利用围线积分将求解方程化为线性代数方程，推导出了在无穷远双向均匀剪切，椭圆形刚性夹杂呈双周期分布的界面应力解析表达式，最后的算例分析给出了夹杂的形状对界面应力最大值(应力集中系数)的影响规律，并描绘出了曲线。     

含球形空腔或刚性夹杂的中厚圆板在弯曲变形时的弹性场

本文将空间轴对称问题的Папковиц-Neuber通解用复变量广义解析函数表示,推导出用复变函数法求解空间轴对称问题的基本公式,并以此为工具求得了含球形空腔或刚性夹杂的中厚圆板在轴对称弯曲变形时的完全解.     

槽道湍流近壁区多尺度输运特性研究

利用槽道湍流直接数值模拟的数据库和离散正交子波，对近壁湍流的多尺度输运特性进 行了研究. 通过在流向和展向分别进行子波多尺度分解，得到了近壁区湍动能在流向和展向 多尺度传输的不同性质，发现流向传输以能量的反传为主，而在展向能量存在明显的正传， 并且当过滤尺度较大时以正传为主. 近壁湍流能量传输的各向异性为进一步构造各向异 性大涡模拟亚格子模式提供了必要的参考.     

Temperature Effect on Power for Particle Detachment from Pore Wall Described by an Arrhenius-Type Equation

An Arrhenius-type asymptotic-exponential function is derived to describe the temperature dependence of the power needed for detachment of fine particles from pore walls in porous media.     

Experimental investigation on tunnel sonic boom

Upon the entrance of a high-speed train into a relatively long train tunnel, compression waves are generated in front of the train. These compression waves subsequently coalesce into a weak shock wave so that a unpleasant sonic boom is emitted from the tunnel exit. In order to investigate the generation of the weak shock wave in train tunnels and the emission of the resulting sonic boom from the train tunnel exit and to search for methods for the reduction of these sonic booms, a 1300 scaled train tunnel simulator was constructed and simulation experiments were carried out using this facility.In the train tunnel simulator, an 18 mm dia. and 200 mm long plastic piston moves along a 40 mm dia. and 25 m long test section with speed ranging from 60 to 100 m/s. The tunnel simulator was tilted 8° to the floor so that the attenuation of the piston speed was not more than 10 % of its entrance speed. Pressure measurements along the tunnel simulator and holographic interferometric optical flow visualization of weak shock waves in the tunnel simulator clearly showed that compression waves, with propagation, coalesced into a weak shock wave. Although, for reduction of the sonic boom in prototype train tunnels, the installation of a hood at the entrance of the tunnels was known to be useful for their suppression, this effect was confirmed in the present experiment and found to be effective particularly for low piston speeds. The installation of a partially perforated wall at the exit of the tunnel simulator was found to smear pressure gradients at the shock. This effect is significant for higher piston speeds. Throughout the series of train tunnel simulator experiments, the combination of both the entrance hood and the perforated wall significantly reduces shock overpressures for piston speeds ofu _p ranging from 60 to 100 m/s. These experimental findings were then applied to a real train tunnel and good agreement was obtained between the tunnel simulator result and the real tunnel measurements.